RESUMEN
O artigo aborda aspectos metodológicos da análise de material audiovisual em pesquisa qualitativa e oferece um modelo simplificado para ajudar o pesquisador a fazer uso combinado de análise verbal e dados visuais em entrevistas gravadas em vídeo, com o suporte do ATLAS.ti.Como exemplo foram usadas as filmagens de relatos de imigrantes de sua experiência no Brasil, em que procurou-se identificar relações entre expressões faciais emocionais negativas e positivas dos imigrantes e o teor de seus depoimentos. Os resultados indicam que as expressões emocionais cumprem funções de acentuar, contradizer e substituir os relatos verbais dos imigrantes. Em alguns casos identificou-se supressão de manifestações emocionais, mesmo em depoimentos mais negativos. Os passos para a análise no ATLAS.ti são apresentados com ilustrações.
The article discusses methodological aspects to guide the audiovisual analysis in qualitative research offering a simplified model to help the researcher to make a combined use of verbal and visual analysis of videotaped interviews with ATLAS.ti support. As an example it was taken the immigrants reports about their experiences in Brazil trying to identify relationships between positive and negative emotional facial expressions of immigrants and the content of their testimony. The results indicate that emotional expressions fulfill different functions such as emphasizing, contradicting and replacing the verbal reports of immigrants. In some cases we identify the suppression of immigrant emotional manifestations, even in the most negative statements. The steps for analysis in ATLAS.ti are presented with illustrations.
RESUMEN
The body's adaptive reaction to a stressful event, an allostatic response, involves vigorous physiological engagement with and efficient recovery from stress. Our aim was to investigate the influence of individual predispositions on cardiac responses to and recovery from a standardized psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Task) in peacekeepers. We hypothesized that those individuals with higher trait resilience and those with higher resting vagal control would be more likely to present an allostatic response: a vigorous cardiac response to stress (i.e., reduction in interbeat intervals and heart rate variability (HRV)) coupled with a significant cardiac recovery in the aftermath. Fifty male military personnel with a mean age of 25.4 years (SD ± 5.99) were evaluated after returning from a peacekeeping mission. Electrocardiogram recordings were made throughout the experimental session, which consisted five conditions: basal, speech preparation, speech delivery, arithmetic task, and recovery. Mean interbeat intervals and HRV were calculated for each condition. An Ego-Resilience Scale and resting vagal control assessed individual predispositions. Stress tasks reduced interbeat intervals (tachycardia) and HRV in comparison with basal, with return to basal in the aftermath (p < 0.001, for all comparisons). Resilience and resting vagal control correlated positively with cardiac parameters for both stress reactivity and recovery (r ≥ 0.29; p < 0.05). In conclusion, peacekeepers showing higher trait resilience and those with higher resting vagal control presented a more adaptive allostatic reaction characterized by vigorous cardiac response to stress (i.e., tachycardia and vagal withdrawal) and efficient cardiac recovery after stress cessation.
